Title: SEGMENT PRODUCERS... NG IBANG STATION... MAY PUPULUTIN NA NAMAN...
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Shorthand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenographer
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This article is about shorthand (stenography), not to be confused with steganography (hidden writing).
Shorthand is a term referring to any abbreviated or symbolic writing method that improves speed of writing or brevity as compared to a standard method of writing the language. The process of writing in shorthand is stenography, from the Greek stenos (narrow/close) and graphos (writing). Many forms of shorthand exist. Typical shorthand systems provide symbols or abbreviations for words and common phrases which allow someone well trained in the system to write as fast as people speak.
The Lord's prayer in Gregg and a variety of 19th-century systemsShorthand was used more widely in the past, before the invention of recording and dictation machines. Until recently shorthand was considered an essential part of secretarial training and was useful for journalists as well. Although the primary use of shorthand has been to record oral dictation of discourse, some systems are used for compact expression. For example, health care professionals may use shorthand notes in medical charts and correspondence. Shorthand notes are typically temporary, intended for later transcription to longhand.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Ancient history
1.2 Modern history
2 Classification
2.1 Shape
2.2 Writing device
2.3 Resemblance to standard writing system
2.4 Vowel representation
3 Common English shorthand systems
4 Some shorthand systems
5 Other names for shorthand
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit]
History
[edit]
Ancient history
The earliest known indication of shorthand systems is from Ancient Greece, namely the Akropolis stone (Akropolisstein) from mid 4th century BC. The marble plate shows a writing system primarily based on vowels and which uses certain modifications to indicate consonants.
The Hellenistic tachygraphy is reported from the 2nd century BC onwards, though there are indications that it might be older. The oldest datable reference is a contract from middle Egypt, stating that Oxyrhynchos gives his Greek slave to the "semeiographer" Apollonios for two years to be taught shorthand writing. The Hellenistic tachygraphy consisted of word stem signs and of word ending signs. Over the time, many syllabic signs were developed.
In Ancient Rome, Marcus Tullius Tiro (103 BC – 4 BC), a slave and later a freedman of Cicero, developed the Tironian notes so he could write down Cicero's speeches. The Tironian notes consisted of word stem abbreviations (notae) and of word ending abbreviations (titulae). The original Tironian notes consisted of about 4000 signs but new signs were introduced so that their number could increase up to 13 000. In order to have a less complex writing system, a syllabic shorhand script was used sometimes.
After the Decline of the Roman Empire, the Tironian notes were not used any more to transcribe speeches, though they were still known and taught, increasingly so in the Carolingian Renaissance. After the 11th century, however, they were mostly forgotten.
When many monastery libraries were secularized in the course of the 16th century Protestant Reformation, long-forgotten manuscripts of Tironian notes were rediscovered.
[edit]
Modern history
An interest in shorthand or "short-writing" developed towards the end of the 16th century in England. In 1588 Timothy Bright published his Characterie; An Arte of Shorte, Swifte and Secrete Writing by Character which introduced a system with 500 arbitrary signs resembling words. Bright's book was followed by a number of others, including John Willis's Art of Stenography in 1602, Edmond Willis's An abbreviation of writing by character in 1618, and Thomas Shelton's Short Writing in 1626 (later re-issued as Tachygraphy).
Shelton's system became very popular and is well known because it was used by Samuel Pepys for his diary and for many of his official papers, such as his letter copy books. It was also used by Sir Isaac Newton in some of his notebooks. Shelton borrowed heavily from his predecessors, especially Edmond Willis. Each consonant was represented by an arbitrary but simple symbol, while the five vowels were represented by the relative positions of the surrounding consonants. Thus the symbol for B with symbol for T drawn directly above it represented "bat", while B with T below it meant "but"; top-right represented "e", middle-right "i", and lower-right "o". A vowel at the end of a word was represented by a dot in the appropriate position, while there were additional symbols for initial vowels. This basic system was supplemented by further symbols representing common prefixes and suffixes.
One drawback of Shelton's system was that there was no way to distinguish long and short vowels or dipthongs; so the b-a-t sequence could mean "bat", or "bait", or "bate", while b-o-t might mean "boot", or "bought", or "boat". The reader needed to use the context to work out which alternative was meant. The main advantage of the system was that it was easy to learn and to use. It was extremely popular, and under the two titles of Short Writing and Tachygraphy, it ran to over 20 editions between 1626 and 1710.
Shelton's chief rivals were Theophilus Metcalfe's Stenography or Short Writing (1633) which was in its "55th edition" by 1721, and Jeremiah Rich's system of 1654, which was published under various titles including The penns dexterity compleated (1669).
Modern-looking geometric shorthand was introduced with John Byrom's 'New Universal Shorthand' of 1720. Samuel Taylor published a similar system in 1786, the first English shorthand system to be used all over the English speaking world.
In 1834, German Franz Xaver Gabelsberger published the Gabelsberger shorthand. Gablesberger, who ignored the English stenography tradition, based his shorthand not on geometrical shapes but on the shapes used in handwriting script.
Taylor's system was superseded by the Pitman Shorthand, first introduced in 1837 by Isaac Pitman and improved many times since. Pitman's system was also used all over the English speaking world. It is still in use, but in the USA (and elsewhere) it has been superseded by the Gregg Shorthand that was first published in 1888 by John Robert Gregg, a system influenced by the handwriting shapes Gabelsberger had introduced.
[edit]
Classification
[edit]
Shape
Geometric shorthand is based on circles, parts of circles and straight lines placed strictly horizontal, vertical or diagonal. These were the first modern shorthand systems to develop. Examples include Pitman, Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand, Teeline Shorthand, Samuel Taylor's Univeral Stenography.
Script shorthand is based on the motions of ordinary handwriting, such as Gabelsberger shorthand's and those derived from it. The first system of this type was 'Cadmus Britanicus' by Simon Bordley, published in 1787. However, the first practical system was the German Gabelsberger shorthand in the early 19th century. This class of system is now common in all more recent German shorthand systems, Austria, Italy, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, other eastern european countries, Russia, and elsewhere.
Script-Geometric, or semi-script shorthand is based on the ellipse. These systems can be considered a compromise of the geometric systems and the script systems; the first of these systems was by George Carl Märes in 1885. However, the most successful system of this type was introduced by John Robert Gregg in 1888, who had studied not only the geometric English systems, but also the German Stolze stenography, a script shorthand. Other examples include Thomas Natural Shorthand.
[edit]
Writing device
Most shorthand systems are written on paper with a stenographer pencil or a stenographer pen. Some consider that only these are shorthand systems strictly speaking.
Machine shorthand requires a specialized keyboard. Most commonly, this is taken to mean the stenotype, widely used in the US and elsewhere. However, there are other shorthand machines used worldwide, including: Velotype; Palantype in the UK; Grandjean stenotype, used extensively in France and French speaking countries; Michela stenotype, used extensively in Italy; Stenokey, used in Bulgaria and elsewhere.
[edit]
Resemblance to standard writing system
Alphabetic shorthand is explicitly intended to resemble the Latin alphabet in order to ease learning. According to some, alphabetic systems are not shorthand strictly speaking. Examples of alphabetic shorthand include Stenoscript, Stenospeed, Personal Shorthand, Speedwriting and Forkner shorthand.
[edit]
Vowel representation
Shorthand systems can be classified according to the way that vowels are represented:
'Normal' vowel signs (no fundamental distinction between vowel signs and consonant signs), e.g. Gregg.
Other ways of expressing the vowels:
expression of the first vowel by the height of the word in relation to the line, no expression of subsequent vowels, e.g. Pitman (with optional expression of the vowels by diacritics added to the word);
expression of the vowels by the width of the joining stroke that leads to the following consonant sign, the height of the following consonant sign in relation to the preceding one, and the line pressure of the following consonant sign, e.g. in most German shorthand systems;
detached vowel signs, such as dots, ticks and other marks, written around the consonant signs;
no expression of the individual vowels at all except for a dot before the word for any initial vowel and a dot after the word for any ending vowel, e.g. Taylor.
[edit]
Common English shorthand systems
One of the most widely known forms of shorthand is the Pitman method, developed by Isaac Pitman in 1837. Isaac's brother Benn Pitman, who lived in Cincinnati, Ohio, was responsible for introducing the method to America. The method has been adapted for 15 languages. The system is phonetic as it is the word sounds that are written rather than the letters. For this reason, the system is sometimes known as phonography, meaning 'sound writing' in Greek. One of the reasons this method allows fast transcription is that vowel sounds are optional when only consonants are needed to determine a word.
Although Pitman's method was extremely popular at first (and is still commonly used, especially in the UK) its popularity has been superseded (especially in the United States) by a method developed by John Robert Gregg in 1888. Gregg's system, like Pitman's, is phonetic, but has the advantage of being "light-line". While Pitman's system uses thick and thin strokes to distinguish related sounds, Gregg's uses only thin strokes and makes some of the same distinctions by the length of the stroke.
In the UK, Teeline is now more commonly taught, and used, than Pitman. Teeline is the recommended system of the The National Council for the Training of Journalists. Other less commonly used systems in the UK are Pitman 2000, PitmanScript, Speedwriting and Gregg.
[edit]
Some shorthand systems
Robert Boyd (Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand)
Thomas Jasper Caton (Caton Scientific Shorthand)
J.G. Cross (Eclectic Shorthand)
Hamden L. Forkner (Forkner Shorthand)
Franz Xaver Gabelsberger (Gabelsberger shorthand)
John Robert Gregg (Gregg Shorthand)
James Hill (Teeline Shorthand)
Isaac Pitman (Pitman method)
Joe M. Pullis (Speedwriting)
Carl W. Salser & C. Theo Yerian (Personal Shorthand, originally called Briefhand)
Samuel Taylor (Universal Stenography)
Charles A. Thomas (Thomas Natural Shorthand)
Dutton Speedwords is a method of shorthand that had the dual function of also being an international auxilary language.
[edit]
Other names for shorthand
Other names for shorthand include brachygraphy, tachygraphy and, most commonly, stenography.
Tutulan ng Sinuman...
...Na ang Isang STENOGRAPHER In a COURT HEARING...
...Ay Hindi HISTORIAN...
At Kapag Ito Napanood Nanaman Ninyo sa Ibang STATION...
...O Alin Mang Katulad Nito...
...Pinatutunayan Lang Nila na Walang Kwenta...
...Ang Pinag-Aralan Nila ng Mahabang Panahon...
...Sa mga Mamahaling Dalubhasahan...
...At mga GAGO ang Tagapagturo Ninyo...
...Kasi Dito Sa Amin...
...High School Drop Out ang INSTRUCTOR NAMIN...
...At ang DIOS ang DEAN...
Yan Balikan Na Naman Ninyo...
...Ang Tungkol Kay BILL GATES...
...At Ang Iba Pang Katulad Nito...
...At Sasabihin, Nauna Kami Jan...
Bill Gates
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from Bill gates)
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses of this term, see Bill Gates (disambiguation).
Bill Gates
Born: October 28, 1955
Seattle, Washington
Died:
Occupation: Chairman and Chief Software Architect, Microsoft Corporation
Annual salary: US$1 million[2]
Net worth: $51 billion USD (2005)
Spouse: Melinda Gates
Website: microsoft.com/billgates
William Henry "Bill" Gates III, (born October 28, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman, and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation, the world's largest computer software company. According to Forbes magazine, Gates is not only America's wealthiest person, but he is also the richest man in the world, with a net worth of approximately US$51 billion, as of September 2005[3].
Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution and has become an iconic figure of late-20th century capitalism. While widely respected for his intelligence, foresight, and ambition, he is also sometimes accused of using ruthless, illegal or monopolistic business practices.
Since amassing his fortune, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavours, donating huge amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, founded in 2000. He, along with his wife Melinda Gates and U2's lead singer Bono, were named by Time as the 2005 Persons of the Year. That same year he was given the honour of Knight Commander of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.
Contents [hide]
1 Early life
2 Microsoft
3 Personal life
4 Influence and wealth
5 Popular culture
6 Works
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References and further reading
10 External links
[edit]
Early life
Bill Gates' mug shot from 1977 when he was jailed for speeding.Bill Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, to William H. Gates, Sr., a prominent lawyer, and teacher Mary Maxwell Gates. Gates was born with a million dollar trust fund set up by his grandfather (a national bank vice-president) and had access to computers from an early age.
Gates excelled in elementary school, particularly in mathematics and the sciences. His parents enrolled him at Lakeside School, a prestigious preparatory school. Lakeside rented time on a DEC PDP-10, which Bill was able to use to pursue an interest in computers.
Gates was a member of the Boy Scouts of America and attained the rank of Life Scout. While in high school, he and Paul Allen founded Traf-O-Data, a company which sold traffic flow data systems to state governments. He also helped to create a payroll system in COBOL, for a company in Portland, Oregon.
Said to have scored a 1590 on his SATs [4], Gates enrolled in Harvard University pursuing a Bachelors of Science in Computer Science major in 1973, where he met his future business partner, Steve Ballmer. During his second year at Harvard, Gates (along with Paul Allen and Monte Davidoff) co-wrote Altair BASIC for the Altair 8800. Gates dropped out of Harvard during his third year to pursue a career in software development. On December 13, 1977, Gates was briefly jailed in Albuquerque for racing his Porsche 911 in the New Mexico desert. [5]
[edit]
Microsoft
In 1984, Bill Gates appeared on the cover of TIME Magazine; he would appear seven more times.Main articles: Microsoft, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]
After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Science that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates called MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them that he and others had developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the platform. This was untrue, as Gates and Allen had never used an Altair previously nor developed any code for it. Within a period of eight weeks they developed the BASIC program. Allen flew to MITS to unveil the new BASIC system. Since Gates had done all of the actual product development, Allen had never handled an Altair prior to the trip. However, the demonstration was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to buy the rights to Allen and Gates's BASIC for the Altair platform. It was at this point that Gates left Harvard along with Allen to found Micro-Soft, which was later renamed the Microsoft Corporation.
In February 1976, Bill Gates published his often-quoted "Open Letter to Hobbyists", that claimed that most users of his software had stolen it and that this would retard the development of good software, and that no one would ever commit years of time to developing free software. This letter was deeply unpopular with many programmers who were doing just that, but was to gain significant support from Gates' business partners and allies and became part of the movement which led to closed-source becoming the dominant model of software production.
Some commentators have questioned the consistency of Gates's stance on this issue. They point out that Gates has confessed to obtaining source listings from dumpsters in order to learn how to program and they point to the way in which Microsoft quickly develops its own versions of others' interfaces and paradigms, notably features of the Macintosh GUI which appeared in Windows. Additionally, the subject of the Open Letter to Hobbyists diatribe - Altair BASIC - did not pay any royalties to John George Kemeny or Thomas Kurtz, inventors of the BASIC programming language. However, Microsoft defenders point out that reading software for understanding is probably educational "fair use" (although the company expends considerable effort to prevent its own software being so used) and that being aggressive isn't necessarily being unethical.
When IBM decided to build the hardware for a desktop personal computer in 1980, it needed to find an operating system. Microsoft did not have any operating system at this point. The most popular microcomputer operating system at the time was CP/M developed by Digital Research in Monterey. The CP/M BIOS allowed software written for the Intel 8080/Zilog Z80 family of microprocessors to run on many different models of computer from many different manufacturers. This device-independence feature was essential for the formation of the consumer software industry, as without it software had to be re-written for each different model of computer. Bill Gates referred IBM to Gary Kildall, the founder of Digital Research, but when they did not reach immediate agreement with him they went back to Gates who offered to fill their need himself. He did it by buying a CP/M clone called QDOS ("Quick and Dirty Operating System") from Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products for $56,000, which Microsoft renamed PC-DOS.
Later, after Compaq licensed Phoenix Technologies' clone of the IBM BIOS, the market saw a flood of IBM PC clones. Microsoft was quick to use its position to dominate the home computer operating system market. Microsoft began licensing its OS for use on non-IBM PC clones, and called that version MS-DOS (for Microsoft Disk Operating System). By marketing MS-DOS aggressively to manufacturers of IBM-PC clones, Microsoft went from a small player to one of the major software vendors in the home computer industry. Microsoft continued to develop operating systems as well as software applications. In the early 1980's they created Microsoft Windows which was similar to Apple Computer's Macintosh OS graphical user interface (GUI), both based on the human interface work at Xerox PARC. The first versions of the Windows OS did not sell well as stand-alone applications but started to be shipped pre-installed on many systems. Because of this, by the late-1980s Microsoft Windows had begun to make serious headway into the IBM-compatible PC software market. The release of Windows 3.0 in 1990 was a tremendous success, selling around 10 million copies in the first two years and cementing Microsoft's dominance in operating systems. (See History of Microsoft Windows for more details)
Microsoft eventually went on to be the largest software company in the world, earning Gates enough money to make him the wealthiest person in the world (according to Forbes Magazine) for several years. Gates served as the CEO of the company until 2000 when Steve Ballmer took the position. Gates continues to serve as a chairman of the board at the company and also as a position he created for himself entitled "Chief Software Architect". Microsoft has thousands of patents, and Gates has nine patents to his name.
Bill Gates giving a presentation.Under Gates's leadership, Microsoft has frequently been accused of aggressive business practices. In 1999, this culminated in a lawsuit, United States v. Microsoft, which alleged that Microsoft abused monopoly power in its handling of operating system sales and web browser sales. Gates was summoned to testify in the case as the chairman of Microsoft. He was called "evasive and non-responsive" by a source present at a session in which Gates was questioned on his deposition. [6] He argued over the definitions of words such as "compete", "concerned", "ask", and "we". [7] BusinessWeek reported, "early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying 'I don't recall' so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the technology chief's denials and pleas of ignorance have been directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e-mail Gates both sent and received." [8] Intel Vice-President Steven McGeady, called as a witness, quoted Paul Maritz, a senior Microsoft vice president as having stated an intention to "extinguish" and "smother" rival Netscape Communications Corporation and to "cut off Netscape's air supply" by giving away a clone of Netscape's flagship product for free. The Microsoft executive denied the allegations. [9]
[edit]
Personal life
Bill Gates married Melinda French of Dallas, Texas on January 1, 1994. Melinda gave birth to three children, Jennifer Katharine Gates (1996), Rory John Gates (1999) and Phoebe Adele Gates (2002).
Bill Gates' house is one of the most expensive houses in the world, and is a modern 21st century earth-sheltered home in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina, Washington. According to King County public records, as of 2002, the total assessed value of the property (land and house) is $113 million, and the annual property tax is just over $1 million. Also among Gates's private acquisitions is the Codex Leicester, a collection of writings by Leonardo da Vinci which Gates bought for $30.8 million at an auction in 1994.
Bill and Melinda Gates on the cover of TIME, with Bono, as Persons of the Year 2005.In 1994, Gates founded the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a charitable organization, with his wife. The foundation's grants have provided funds for college scholarships for under-represented minorities, AIDS prevention, diseases prevalent in third world countries, and other causes. In 2000, the Gates Foundation endowed the University of Cambridge with $210 million for the Gates Cambridge Scholarships. The Foundation has also pledged over $7 billion to its various causes, including $1 billion to the United Negro College Fund; and as of 2005, had an estimated endowment of $29.0 billion. He has spent about a third of his lifetime income on charity, although some question his intentions. Journalist Greg Palast suggests that the Gates Foundation is used to make tactical donations to hide media sensitive humanitarian side effects of treaties, such as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which Gates has supported. TRIPS requires countries to agree to respect drug and other patents, therefore preventing the local manufacture of existing pharmaceuticals still under patent such as AIDS drugs in Africa.
Gates has received two honorary doctorates, from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden in 2002 and Waseda University in 2005. Gates was also given an honorary KBE (Knighthood) from Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 2005 [10], in addition to having entomologists name the Bill Gates flower fly, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor. [11]
Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer has stated that Gates is probably the most "spammed" person in the world, receiving as many as 4,000,000 emails per day in 2004, most of which were junk. Gates has almost an entire department devoted to filtering out junk emails. [12]
[edit]
Influence and wealth
Gates is widely considered as being one of the world's most influential people. He was listed in the Sunday Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the "Top 50 Cyber Elite" by Time in 1998, ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 and was included in The Guardian as one of the "Top 100 influential people in media" in 2001. Gates has been number one on the "Forbes 400" list through 1993-2005 and number one on Forbes list of "The World's Richest People" in 1996-2005, except for 1997 when the Sultan of Brunei was included despite Forbes' usual policy of excluding heads of state.
Since 2000, Gates's wealth has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's share price and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations. According to a 2004 Forbes magazine article, Gates gave away over $28.4 billion to charities from 2000 onwards. Additionally, Gates has not engaged in conspicuous consumption beyond his lavish home, with its gardens and art collection. Contrast this with his former associate Paul Allen, who has followed a perhaps more typical path, owning sports teams, vintage airplanes, and multiple residences. Gates also claimed, in 2005, that he has gone to work every work day since 1975, which in recent years includes both his role at Microsoft, and his leadership position at the Gates Foundation.
[edit]
Popular culture
Main articles: List of portrayals and references of Bill Gates, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]
Bill Gates has been the subject of numerous parodies in film, television, and video games, often serving as an archetype for fictional megalomaniacal leaders of powerful corporations. Examples include The Simpsons episode "Das Bus", Family Guy episode "Screwed The Pooch", and the films Tomorrow Never Dies and Antitrust. Alternatively, but less frequently, these references portray a hacker genius. Gates is often characterized as the quintessential example of a super-intelligent "nerd" with immense power. This has in turn led to pop culture stereotypes of Gates as a tyrant or evil genius, often resorting to ruthless business techniques. He was also shown on South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, and was shot in the forehead in the movie. He returned later in the South Park episode "The Entity", complete with a bullet hole in his forehead. Several films and television shows have portrayed either the real Bill Gates or a fictionalized version of him, often according to these clichés, including an episode in the first season of the X-Files involving a man who lived inside a house that was operated by a computer (which, as it turned out, had a mind of its own).
[edit]
Works
Gates has published several essays throughout the years based on his theories, predications and visions of the computing industry. In these publications he often expresses his personal views on current topics, and discusses Microsoft's plans. His writings have been published by BusinessWeek, Newsweek, USA Today and Time. His publications since 1997 include:
Person of The Year, Time, December 2, 2005
The New World of Work, Executive E-mail, May 19, 2005
The PC Era Is Just Beginning, Business Week, March 22, 2005
Building Software That Is Interoperable By Design, Executive E-Mail, February 3, 2005
The Enduring Magic of Software, InformationWeek, October 18, 2004
Preserving and Enhancing the Benefits of E-mail: A Progress Report, Executive E-mail, June 28, 2004
Microsoft Progress Report: Security, Executive E-mail, March 31, 2004
Losing Ground in the Innovation Race?, CNET News.com, February 25, 2004
A Spam-Free Future, The Washington Post, November 24, 2003
Why I Hate Spam, The Wall Street Journal, June 23, 2003
Building Trust in Technology, Global Agenda 2003 (World Economic Forum), January 23, 2003
Security in a Connected World, Executive E-Mail, January 23, 2003
The Disappearing Computer, The World in 2003 (The Economist), December 2002
Slowing the Spread of AIDS in India, The New York Times, November 9, 2002
Trustworthy Computing, Executive E-Mail, July 18, 2002
Computing You Can Count On, April, 2002
Tech in a Time of Trouble, The World in 2002 (The Economist), December 2001
Moving Into the Digital Decade, October 29, 2001
The PC: 20 Years Young, August 12, 2001
Why We’re Building .NET Technology, June 18, 2001
Shaping the Internet Age, Internet Policy Institute, December 2000
Now for an Intelligent Internet, The World in 2001 (The Economist), November 2000
Will Frankenfood Feed The World?, Time, June 19, 2000
Yes, More Trade With China, Washington Post, May 23, 2000
The Case for Microsoft, Time, May 7, 2000
Enter "Generation i", Instructor, March 2000
Product Distribution Goes Digital, IEEE Internet Computing, January 2000
Beyond Gutenberg, The World in 2000 (The Economist), November 1999
Everyone, Anytime, Anywhere, Forbes ASAP, October 4, 1999
The Second Wave, IEEE Internet Computing Magazine, August 18, 1999
Microprocessors Upgraded the Way We Live, USA Today, June 22, 1999
Why the PC Will Not Die, Newsweek, May 31, 1999
The Wright Brothers: The 100 Most Important People of the Century, Time, March 29, 1999
Compete, Don't Delete, The Economist, June 13, 1998
Who Decides What Innovations Go Into Your PC?, 1997
[edit]
See also
Gates family
History of Microsoft Windows
Microsoft
Pirates of Silicon Valley - A movie based on the rise of Apple and Microsoft.
[edit]
Notes
^ Year 2005 compensation: salary $600,000, bonus $400,000. From Microsoft's Proxy Statement.
^ SAT score from The Week Magazine
^ Net worth: from Forbes: 400 Richest Americans, dated September 22, 2005.
[edit]
References and further reading
Business @ The Speed of Thought (1999) ISBN 0446675962
The Road Ahead (1996) ISBN 0140260404
James Wallace (1993) Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire Harper Business. ISBN 0887306292
James Wallace (1997) Overdrive: Bill Gates and the Race to Control Cyberspace John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471180416
Janet Lowe (1998) Bill Gates Speaks: Insight from the World's Greatest Entrepreneur John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0471293539
Jennifer Edstrom, Marlin Eller (1999) Barbarians Led by Bill Gates: Microsoft from the Inside Henry Holt & Company. ISBN 0805057552
Jeanne M. Lesinski (2000) Bill Gates Lerner Publications Company. ISBN 082259689X
David Bank (2001) Breaking Windows: How Bill Gates Fumbled the Future of Microsoft Free Press. ISBN 0743203151
(Harold Evans with David Lefer and Gail Buckland) "They Made America: Two Centuries of Innovators from the Steam Engine to the Search Engine" ISBN 0-316-27766-5
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